I'll let you into a little secret. 7 years ago when I joined Google I thought I was going to be doing Developer Relations for App Engine. At the time I was a full-stack web developer building a huge number of web, iPhone and Android apps all hosted on AppEngine. Instead I was assigned to work 50% on iGoogle and 50% on Chrome. I loved Chrome as a product but I really disliked iGoogle as a product — I almost considered quitting before I even started but Chrome was cool, we had just started a small team and that was what I fell in love with and within months I was on it full time.

App Engine was brilliant, I loved that I could build a paid for service and then let it scale and not have to worry about what we now call DevOps. The problem with AppEngine was that it only supported Python (soon it would support Java) and it was heavily sandboxed, meaning that a lot of the interesting things that I wanted to scale, I couldn't.

Jump forward 7 years and there has been a huge change in the industry especially around virtualization. Docker is almost ubiquitous and best of all you can combine it with App Engine so that you can now host Google Chrome on App Engine in three simple steps.

1. Set up an app

Create an app.yaml file that says that you want a custom runtime and you want to use the flex environment.

runtime: custom
env: flex

2. Create a docker image that launches headless Chrome

This image originally came from Justin Riberio and I've modified it a bit, but it takes a build of Headless Chrome (that is a version of Chrome that can run entirely on the command line) and a simple nodeJS file that connects to Chrome via the DevTools protocol.

# Base docker image
FROM ubuntu:16.04
MAINTAINER Paul Kinlan <paulkinlan@google.com>
# MAINTAINER Justin Ribeiro <justin@justinribeiro.com>

# Experimental! 
#
# To run:
# docker run -d --net host --name headless headless_chrome
# 
# Access:
# http://localhost:9222/

# Pull my chrome-headless build
ADD chrome-headless.deb /src/chrome-headless.deb

# Setup deps, install chrome-headless
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
  build-essential \
  software-properties-common \
  ca-certificates \
  byobu curl git htop man unzip vim wget \
  sudo \
  gconf-service \
  libcurl3 \
  libexif-dev \
  libgconf-2-4 \
  libglib2.0-0 \ 
  libgl1-mesa-dri \
  libgl1-mesa-glx \
  libnspr4 \
  libnss3 \
  libpango1.0-0 \
  libv4l-0 \
  libxss1 \
  libxtst6 \
  libxrender1 \ 
  libx11-6 \ 
  libxft2 \ 
  libfreetype6 \ 
  libc6 \ 
  zlib1g \ 
  libpng12-0 \
  wget \
  apt-utils \
  xdg-utils \
  --no-install-recommends && \
  dpkg -i '/src/chrome-headless.deb' && \
  curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_6.x | sudo -E bash - && \
  sudo apt-get install -y nodejs && \
  sudo apt-get install -y libnss3 && \
  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

COPY ./node_modules /opt/stickmanventures/node_modules
ADD ./index.js /opt/stickmanventures/index.js
ADD ./package.json /opt/stickmanventures/package.json

WORKDIR /opt/stickmanventures/

# expose 8080 so we can connect to it
EXPOSE 8080

CMD ["node", "index.js", "/opt/stickmanventures/chrome-headless/headless_shell" ]

3. Scale and Profit.

Ok, it is a little more than three steps, you have to have a simple node web app that can take HTTP requests and forward them on to Chrome. For example, I have a /list end point that will connect to Chrome and return a list of open tabs.

app.get('/list', (req, res) => {
  chrome.List((err, tabs) => {
    if (!err) {
      console.log(tabs);
      res.json(tabs);
    }
    else {
      res.json(tabs);
    }
  });
});

You also need to implement the health monitoring API so that App Engine knows it should spin up an new instance of your service. But I hope you at least get the idea.

Why?

The next generation of scraper's and tools will all be built by running a real web browser against a web page and introspecting everything about it.

• Want to work out what CSS is used on first render? No Problem.
• Want to get accurate first paint times? No biggie.
• Want to analyse all the network requests made by a page? Simples.
• Want to see if there any CSP violations? Great. Not too hard.
• Want to host a version of Lighthouse? Yep. Cool.

The possibilities are endless. I want to play around with the idea of 0 traditional server and as a user you are always running a version of your web app client-side, but it just so happens the client is on the server.

Where can I see this running?

The source for my app is here.

What's next?

I've been playing around with Google Cloud Functions (Think Amazon Lambda but on Google) a fair bit recently and I think in the near future it might be able to have Chrome running to service one request. The benefit is that Chrome would only live for the lifetime of the function call and that means that you could secure and isolate the storage etc from other users.

I lead the Chrome Developer Relations team at Google.

We want people to have the best experience possible on the web without having to install a native app or produce content in a walled garden.

Our team tries to make it easier for developers to build on the web by supporting every Chrome release, creating great content to support developers on web.dev, contributing to MDN, helping to improve browser compatibility, and some of the best developer tools like Lighthouse, Workbox, Squoosh to name just a few.

I love to learn about what you are building, and how I can help with Chrome or Web development in general, so if you want to chat with me directly, please feel free to book a consultation.

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